Gender, politics and feminism Gender has become an increasingly relevant category in politics. Different scholarly traditions define it and use it in different ways. For some, gender is considered as a process of differential socialization that promotes an unequal distribution of roles, expectations, and normalizes the attribution of particular roles and expectations. For others, it is defined as an individual-level and subjective identity or reading of a person. Gender is also used to refer a broader field of study including aspects related to sexuality and sexual orientation. Whichever definition one employs, however, we can find ways in which this category shapes political processes, attitudes, and behaviours. This is even more the case with the surge of feminism as a movement, ideology, and label in worldwide politics, especially in Spain. For this reason, this panel is dedicated to unpacking the ways in which gender, politics and feminism interact. We look for theoretical and empirical, not necessarily quantitative, papers that look broadly at how gender, politics and feminism interact, including but not limited to the following strands: - The measurement and prevalence of a variety of gender issues/problems, attitudes or behaviours (examples include: gender socialization, gender-based violence, neo-sexism) - The influence of any gender-related socialization process in politics (e.g., dating, differential socialization of boys/girls and how this influences political outcomes) - The increasing salience of gender-related issues in the political process - Changes in attitudes and behaviours towards gender issues - Gender gaps in attitudes and behaviours regarding politics or policies - Debates and policy processes on gender issues - Political candidates and the influence of gender - The feminist movement, with special emphasis on fourth-wave feminism - Gender backlash and the rise of sexism and neo-sexist attitudes - Machosphere: how the machosphere shapes attitudes, policy processes, etc - How social media shapes attitudes towards gender issues and policies - Media coverage of issues related to gender and feminism, feminist content in digital or mainstream media - How gender as an identity shapes political processes, attitudes and behaviours - Methodological issues related to any of the aforementioned topics - We also accept and look for theoretical papers in any of the aforementioned topics